Imagine holding a plastic spoon. Now imagine that same spoon—ground into dust-sized fragments—lodged inside your brain. That’s what a new study suggests may already be happening. Scientists at the University of New Mexico examined brain, liver, and kidney samples from people who died in 2016 and again in 2024. They found microplastics—tiny shards of broken-down plastic—in every single sample. By 2024, the average brain contained about seven grams of plastic, roughly the weight of a disposable spoon. Even more striking, the brains of people with dementia carried the highest levels. Microplastics are everywhere. They flake off packaging, water bottles, clothing fibers—even the tires on our cars. As these bits break down, they become so small that we eat, drink, or breathe them in without noticing. Many measure less than 200 nanometers across. What shocked researchers was their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, the body’s shield that normally blocks harmful invaders. Why would the brain hold on to more plastic than other organs? One possibility is fat. The brain is nearly 60% fat, and plastic tends to cling to greasy surfaces. As one researcher put it, cleaning fat off plastic is tough—you’ve seen it if you’ve ever scrubbed a butter-stained container. The big question is whether these plastics harm us. No one knows for sure. Some experts compare it to asbestos—long considered harmless until tiny fibers in the lungs were shown to spark decades of inflammation and disease. Microplastics could act the same way, quietly irritating the brain over time. Their presence is especially worrying given early hints of a link with neurological conditions like dementia. There is a small bit of hope. The study showed that younger and older brains didn’t differ much in plastic levels, suggesting our bodies can clear some of these particles. If we reduce the plastic in our environment, future exposure may decline. But with plastic pollution doubling every 10 to 15 years, the trend is moving in the wrong direction. For now, experts say it’s not realistic to avoid plastic entirely—it’s in our food, water, and even the air. But we can cut down by limiting single-use plastics, switching to glass or metal containers, and removing food from plastic packaging before cooking. The discovery of a spoon’s worth of plastic in the brain is a wake-up call. It reminds us that the plastic we throw away doesn’t just pollute oceans and landscapes—it may be finding its way into the very organ that makes us who we are.  

Reducing exposure to microplastics is challenging because they’re pervasive in the environment, but there are practical steps you can take to minimize ingestion and inhalation. Based on current research, including studies like Cox et al. (2019) in Environmental Science & Technology and insights from sources like National Geographic (2025), here are ideas to limit microplastic exposure: Choose Filtered Tap Water Over Bottled WaterBottled water contains significantly more microplastics (up to 94 particles per liter) than tap water (around 4 particles per liter), potentially adding 90,000 particles annually to your intake (Environmental Science & Technology, 2019). What to do: Use a reusable water bottle (stainless steel or glass) and fill it with filtered tap water. Invest in a home water filter certified to remove microplastics, such as reverse osmosis or carbon block filters. If you must use bottled water, opt for brands with glass bottles. Reduce Consumption of High-Risk FoodsSeafood, especially shellfish like mussels, can contain high levels of microplastics (up to 11,000 particles per year for heavy consumers) due to accumulation in their digestive systems (National Geographic, 2025). What to do: Limit consumption of shellfish like mussels, clams, or oysters, which are eaten whole and thus retain more microplastics. Choose fish from less polluted waters or opt for smaller species lower on the food chain, which may accumulate fewer plastics. Diversify your diet with plant-based foods, though note that some crops (e.g., those grown in plastic-heavy agricultural systems) may also contain microplastics. Minimize Use of Plastic Food PackagingPlastic packaging, especially when heated or degraded, can release microplastics or chemicals like BPA into food, though this is a smaller contributor compared to environmental sources. What to do: Store food in glass, stainless steel, or ceramic containers instead of plastic bags or containers. Avoid microwaving food in plastic, even if labeled “microwave-safe,” to prevent potential chemical leaching. Use glass or ceramic instead. Choose fresh, unpackaged produce over pre-packaged foods to reduce contact with plastic wrap or containers. If using plastic containers, ensure they’re BPA-free, food-grade, and not scratched or damaged. Reduce Inhalation of MicroplasticsInhalation accounts for a significant portion of microplastic exposure (50,000 particles annually in urban areas), especially from indoor air and urban pollution (The Guardian, 2019). What to do: Use HEPA air purifiers indoors to capture airborne microplastics and dust. Vacuum and dust regularly with a HEPA-filter vacuum to reduce settled plastic particles in your home. Ventilate your home to minimize indoor air pollution, but be cautious in urban areas with high outdoor pollution. Avoid synthetic textiles like polyester or nylon, which shed microplastics. Opt for natural fibers like cotton, wool, or linen for clothing and bedding. Limit Use of Single-Use PlasticsSingle-use plastics (e.g., straws, cutlery, bags) contribute to environmental microplastic pollution, which ends up in water, air, and food. What to do: Replace single-use plastics with reusable alternatives (e.g., bamboo or metal straws, cloth bags). Avoid products with microbeads (e.g., in cosmetics or toothpaste), which are banned in many countries but still present in some regions. Support brands that use minimal or biodegradable packaging. Safety of Plastic Cutting BoardsCutting boards, especially when worn or scratched, can shed microplastics due to knife cuts or abrasive cleaning. A 2023 study in Environmental Science & Technology found that polyethylene cutting boards can release microplastics (50–300 particles per use) when cut with knives, particularly during chopping or slicing. Microplastic Shedding: Repeated knife cuts create grooves that release tiny plastic particles, especially on softer polyethylene boards. These particles can transfer to food, adding to your microplastic intake, though the exact amount depends on usage intensity and board condition. Bacterial Contamination: Scratched plastic boards can harbor bacteria in grooves, posing a food safety risk if not cleaned properly. This is unrelated to microplastics but a practical concern. Degradation Over Time: Older, heavily used boards are more likely to shed microplastics and potentially leach chemicals, especially if exposed to heat, acidic foods, or harsh detergents. What to do: Wood or bamboo boards: These are less likely to shed microplastics, though they can release natural fibers. Hardwoods like maple are durable and naturally antimicrobial, making them a good alternative (National Geographic, 2025). Composite boards: Some brands (e.g., Epicurean) use wood-fiber composites that are durable, non-porous, and less prone to microplastic shedding. Glass or ceramic boards are another option but can dull knives and are less practical for heavy use. Support Broader Environmental EffortsMicroplastics in the environment (from plastic waste, tire dust, etc.) are the primary source of human exposure, with consumption rising sixfold since 1990 (Health Policy Watch, 2024). What to do: Advocate for policies to reduce plastic production and improve waste management (e.g., better recycling systems or bans on single-use plastics). Participate in community cleanups to reduce plastic pollution in local waterways. Support companies and initiatives focused on sustainable packaging or plastic alternatives. Be Mindful of Personal Care ProductsMicrobeads in cosmetics, body washes, and toothpaste can enter water systems and contribute to microplastic ingestion through drinking water. What to do: Check product labels for polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), or other plastic ingredients and choose microplastic-free alternatives. Use natural or organic personal care products when possible. Sources:Cox et al., Environmental Science & Technology (2019): Human Consumption of Microplastics The Guardian (2019): People Eat at Least 50,000 Plastic Particles a Year National Geographic (2025): Microplastics in Food Health Policy Watch (2024): Microplastic Consumption Trends If you’d like specific product recommendations or details on implementing any of these steps, let us know!

Microplastics are Everywhere: How Much Are We Ingesting?Microplastics—tiny plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters—have infiltrated our environment, showing up in everything from seafood to drinking water and even the air we breathe. A question that’s been buzzing lately is: just how much microplastic does the average person ingest each year? The answer is both surprising and uncertain, with estimates ranging widely due to the complexity of tracking these minuscule pollutants. Let’s dive into the latest research to unpack what we know, what we don’t, and what it all means. Particle Counts: A Clearer PictureWhile mass estimates are tricky, counting microplastic particles offers a more concrete metric. A 2019 study in Environmental Science & Technology by Cox et al. analyzed 26 studies on microplastics in fish, shellfish, salt, sugar, beer, water, and urban air. Their findings suggest the average person ingests 78,000 to 211,000 microplastic particles per year when considering diet, drinking water, and inhalation. This range is likely an underestimate, as it only covers about 15% of caloric intake, leaving out foods like bread, dairy, meat, and vegetables. Here’s a breakdown: Diet alone: 39,000–52,000 particles per year, depending on age and sex. With inhalation: 74,000–121,000 particles annually. Bottled water: Adds up to 130,000 particles per year for those who rely on it, compared to just 4,000 from tap water. A 2019 report from The Guardian aligns with this, estimating at least 50,000 particles from food and another 50,000 from breathing, totaling around 100,000 particles annually. These numbers highlight how pervasive microplastics are, but they also underscore the gaps in our understanding of all exposure sources. What Drives Microplastic Exposure?Not everyone ingests the same amount of microplastics. Your diet, lifestyle, and environment play a big role. Here are the key factors: Seafood: Lovers of mussels or other shellfish may consume up to 11,000 particles yearly from these sources alone, as microplastics accumulate in the animals’ digestive systems (National Geographic, 2025). Bottled water: Contains about 94 particles per liter, potentially adding 90,000 particles annually compared to tap water’s 4,000 (The Guardian, 2019). Urban living: City dwellers inhale more microplastics due to higher air pollution, with studies estimating 9.8 particles per cubic meter of air. Adults breathing 16 cubic meters daily face significant exposure (Environmental Science & Technology, 2019). Global trends: Microplastic consumption has risen sixfold since 1990, with higher rates in regions like Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Scandinavia (Health Policy Watch, 2024). Are Microplastics Harmful?The health impacts of microplastics are still under active investigation and no one really knows the answer yet.” Preliminary research suggests particles detected in human blood, lungs, liver, and even brains (National Geographic, 2025), but conclusive evidence of harm is lacking. The World Economic Forum’s 2025 Global Risks Report warns of a possible “plastic health crisis,” but scientists agree more data is needed to understand long-term effects. However, what is clear is that “Plastics Don’t Belong in Your Body” The Bottom LineThe average person likely ingests 78,000 to 211,000 microplastic particles per year, with mass estimates ranging from 5.2 to 260 grams annually. While the long-term health risks are still unclear, the pervasiveness of microplastics is a wake-up call to address plastic pollution. As research evolves, we’ll get a clearer picture—but for now, it’s safe to say microplastics are an unwelcome part of our daily diet. Sources for further reading Cox et al., Environmental Science & Technology (2019): Human Consumption of Microplastics The Guardian (2019): People Eat at Least 50,000 Plastic Particles a Year National Geographic (2025): Microplastics in Food World Economic Forum (2025): [Microplastics in the Food Chain](https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/02/how Health Policy Watch (2024): Microplastic Consumption Trends

The study, published in the journal Environment International on March 24, observed the blood of 22 healthy, non-fasting volunteers and subsequently, 17 out of the 22 people tested positive for having microplastics in their blood.